angular
Angular-CLI
Prototype of a CLI for Angular 2 applications based on the ember-cli project.
Note
This project is very much still a work in progress.
The CLI is now in beta. If you wish to collaborate while the project is still young, check out our issue list.
Before submitting new issues, have a look at issues marked with the type: faq label.
Webpack update
We changed the build system between beta.10 and beta.14, from SystemJS to Webpack. And with it comes a lot of benefits. To take advantage of these, your app built with the old beta will need to migrate.
You can update your beta.10 projects to beta.14 by following these instructions.
Prerequisites
Both the CLI and generated project have dependencies that require Node 4 or higher, together with NPM 3 or higher.
Table of Contents
- Installation
- Usage
- Generating a New Project
- Generating Components, Directives, Pipes and Services
- Generating a Route
- Creating a Build
- Build Targets and Environment Files
- Base tag handling in index.html
- Bundling
- Running Unit Tests
- Running End-to-End Tests
- Proxy To Backend
- Deploying the App via GitHub Pages
- Linting and formatting code
- Support for offline applications
- Commands autocompletion
- Project assets
- Global styles
- CSS preprocessor integration
- 3rd Party Library Installation
- Global Library Installation
- Updating angular-cli
- Development Hints for hacking on angular-cli
Installation
BEFORE YOU INSTALL: please read the prerequisites
npm install -g angular-cliUsage
ng --helpGenerating and serving an Angular2 project via a development server
ng new PROJECT_NAME
cd PROJECT_NAME
ng serveNavigate to http://localhost:4200/. The app will automatically reload if you change any of the source files.
You can configure the default HTTP port and the one used by the LiveReload server with two command-line options :
ng serve --host 0.0.0.0 --port 4201 --live-reload-port 49153Generating Components, Directives, Pipes and Services
You can use the ng generate (or just ng g) command to generate Angular components:
ng generate component my-new-component
ng g component my-new-component # using the alias
# components support relative path generation
# if in the directory src/app/feature/ and you run
ng g component new-cmp
# your component will be generated in src/app/feature/new-cmp
# but if you were to run
ng g component ../newer-cmp
# your component will be generated in src/app/newer-cmpYou can find all possible blueprints in the table below:
| Scaffold | Usage |
|---|---|
| Component | ng g component my-new-component |
| Directive | ng g directive my-new-directive |
| Pipe | ng g pipe my-new-pipe |
| Service | ng g service my-new-service |
| Class | ng g class my-new-class |
| Interface | ng g interface my-new-interface |
| Enum | ng g enum my-new-enum |
| Module | ng g module my-module |
Generating a route
Generating routes in the CLI has been disabled for the time being. A new router and new route generation blueprints are coming.
You can read the official documentation for the new Router here: https://angular.io/docs/ts/latest/guide/router.html. Please note that even though route generation is disabled, building your projects with routing is still fully supported.
Creating a build
ng buildThe build artifacts will be stored in the dist/ directory.
Build Targets and Environment Files
ng build can specify both a build target (--target=production or --target=development) and an
environment file to be used with that build (--environment=dev or --environment=prod).
By default, the development build target and environment are used.
The mapping used to determine which environment file is used can be found in angular-cli.json:
"environments": {
"source": "environments/environment.ts",
"dev": "environments/environment.ts",
"prod": "environments/environment.prod.ts"
}These options also apply to the serve command. If you do not pass a value for environment,
it will default to dev for development and prod for production.
# these are equivalent
ng build --target=production --environment=prod
ng build --prod --env=prod
ng build --prod
# and so are these
ng build --target=development --environment=dev
ng build --dev --e=dev
ng build --dev
ng buildYou can also add your own env files other than dev and prod by doing the following:
- create a
src/environments/environment.NAME.ts - add
{ "NAME": 'src/environments/environment.NAME.ts' }to the theapps[0].environmentsobject inangular-cli.json - use them via the
--env=NAMEflag on the build/serve commands.
Base tag handling in index.html
When building you can modify base tag (<base href="/">) in your index.html with --base-href your-url option.
# Sets base tag href to /myUrl/ in your index.html
ng build --base-href /myUrl/
ng build --bh /myUrl/Bundling
All builds make use of bundling, and using the --prod flag in ng build --prod
or ng serve --prod will also make use of uglifying and tree-shaking functionality.
Running unit tests
ng testTests will execute after a build is executed via Karma, and it will automatically watch your files for changes. You can run tests a single time via --watch=false.
Running end-to-end tests
ng e2eBefore running the tests make sure you are serving the app via ng serve.
End-to-end tests are run via Protractor.
Proxy To Backend
Using the proxying support in webpack's dev server we can highjack certain urls and send them to a backend server.
We do this by passing a file to --proxy-config
Say we have a server running on http://localhost:3000/api and we want all calls to http://localhost:4200/api to go to that server.
We create a file next to projects package.json called proxy.conf.json
with the content
{
"/api": {
"target": "http://localhost:3000",
"secure": false
}
}You can read more about what options are available here webpack-dev-server proxy settings
and then we edit the package.json file's start script to be
"start": "ng serve --proxy-config proxy.conf.json",now run it with npm start
Deploying the app via GitHub Pages
You can deploy your apps quickly via:
ng github-pages:deploy --message "Optional commit message"This will do the following:
- creates GitHub repo for the current project if one doesn't exist
- rebuilds the app in production mode at the current
HEAD - creates a local
gh-pagesbranch if one doesn't exist - moves your app to the
gh-pagesbranch and creates a commit - edit the base tag in index.html to support github pages
- pushes the
gh-pagesbranch to github - returns back to the original
HEAD
Creating the repo requires a token from github, and the remaining functionality relies on ssh authentication for all git operations that communicate with github.com. To simplify the authentication, be sure to setup your ssh keys.
If you are deploying a user or organization page, you can instead use the following command:
ng github-pages:deploy --user-page --message "Optional commit message"This command pushes the app to the master branch on the github repo instead
of pushing to gh-pages, since user and organization pages require this.
Linting and formatting code
You can lint your app code by running ng lint.
This will use the lint npm script that in generated projects uses tslint.
You can modify the these scripts in package.json to run whatever tool you prefer.
Support for offline applications
The --mobile flag has been disabled temporarily. Sorry for the inconvenience.
Angular-CLI includes support for offline applications via the -- flag on ng new. Support is experimental, please see the angular/mobile-toolkit project and https://mobile.angular.io/ for documentation on how to make use of this functionality.
Commands autocompletion
To turn on auto completion use the following commands:
For bash:
ng completion 1>> ~/.bashrc 2>>&1
source ~/.bashrcFor zsh:
ng completion 1>> ~/.zshrc 2>>&1
source ~/.zshrcWindows users using gitbash:
ng completion 1>> ~/.bash_profile 2>>&1
source ~/.bash_profileProject assets
You can add any files you want copied as-is to src/assets/.
Global styles
The styles.css file allows users to add global styles and supports
CSS imports.
If the project is created with the --style=sass option, this will be a .sass
file instead, and the same applies to scss/less/styl.
You can add more global styles via the apps[0].styles property in angular-cli.json.
CSS Preprocessor integration
Angular-CLI supports all major CSS preprocessors:
- sass/scss (http://sass-lang.com/)
- less (http://lesscss.org/)
- stylus (http://stylus-lang.com/)
To use these prepocessors simply add the file to your component's styleUrls:
@Component({
selector: 'app-root',
templateUrl: 'app.component.html',
styleUrls: ['app.component.scss']
})
export class AppComponent {
title = 'app works!';
}When generating a new project you can also define which extension you want for style files:
ng new sassy-project --style=sassOr set the default style on an existing project:
ng set defaults.styleExt scss3rd Party Library Installation
Simply install your library via npm install lib-name --save and import it in your code.
If the library does not include typings, you can install them using npm:
npm install d3 --save
npm install @types/d3 --save-devIf the library doesn't have typings available at @types/, you can still use it by
manually adding typings for it:
// in src/typings.d.ts
declare module 'typeless-package';
// in src/app/app.component.ts
import * as typelessPackage from 'typeless-package';
typelessPackage.method();Global Library Installation
Some javascript libraries need to be added to the global scope, and loaded as if
they were in a script tag. We can do this using the apps[0].scripts and
apps[0].styles properties of angular-cli.json.
As an example, to use Boostrap 4 this is what you need to do:
First install Bootstrap from npm:
npm install bootstrap@nextThen add the needed script files to apps[0].scripts:
"scripts": [
"../node_modules/jquery/dist/jquery.js",
"../node_modules/tether/dist/js/tether.js",
"../node_modules/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.js"
],Finally add the Bootstrap CSS to the apps[0].styles array:
"styles": [
"../node_modules/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.css",
"styles.css"
],Restart ng serve if you're running it, and Bootstrap 4 should be working on
your app.
Updating angular-cli
To update angular-cli to a new version, you must update both the global package and your project's local package.
Global package:
npm uninstall -g angular-cli
npm cache clean
npm install -g angular-cli@latestLocal project package:
rm -rf node_modules dist tmp
npm install --save-dev angular-cli@latest
ng initRunning ng init will check for changes in all the auto-generated files created by ng new and allow you to update yours. You are offered four choices for each changed file: y (overwrite), n (don't overwrite), d (show diff between your file and the updated file) and h (help).
Carefully read the diffs for each code file, and either accept the changes or incorporate them manually after ng init finishes.
The main cause of errors after an update is failing to incorporate these updates into your code.
You can find more details about changes between versions in CHANGELOG.md.
Development Hints for hacking on angular-cli
Working with master
git clone https://github.com/angular/angular-cli.git
cd angular-cli
npm linknpm link is very similar to npm install -g except that instead of downloading the package
from the repo, the just cloned angular-cli/ folder becomes the global package.
Any changes to the files in the angular-cli/ folder will immediately affect the global angular-cli package,
allowing you to quickly test any changes you make to the cli project.
Now you can use angular-cli via the command line:
ng new foo
cd foo
npm link angular-cli
ng servenpm link angular-cli is needed because by default the globally installed angular-cli just loads
the local angular-cli from the project which was fetched remotely from npm.
npm link angular-cli symlinks the global angular-cli package to the local angular-cli package.
Now the angular-cli you cloned before is in three places:
The folder you cloned it into, npm's folder where it stores global packages and the angular-cli project you just created.
You can also use ng new foo --link-cli to automatically link the angular-cli package.
Please read the official npm-link documentation and the npm-link cheatsheet for more information.
License
MIT