gcanti
Installation
To install the stable version:
npm i newtype-tsNote. newtype-ts depends on fp-ts and monocle-ts, starting from 0.3.0 you must install both fp-ts and monocle-ts manually (fp-ts and monocle-ts are listed in peerDependency)
Motivation
A common programming practice is to define a type whose representation is identical to an existing one but which has a separate identity in the type system.
type USD = number
type EUR = number
const myamount: USD = 1
declare function change(usd: USD): EUR
declare function saveAmount(eur: EUR): void
saveAmount(change(myamount)) // ok
saveAmount(myamount) // opss... this is also ok because both EUR and USD are type alias of number!Usage
Newtypes
Let's define a newtype for the EUR currency
import { Newtype, iso } from 'newtype-ts'
interface EUR extends Newtype<{ readonly EUR: unique symbol }, number> {}
// isoEUR: Iso<EUR, number>
const isoEUR = iso<EUR>()
// myamount: EUR
const myamount = isoEUR.wrap(0.85)
// n: number = 0.85
const n = isoEUR.unwrap(myamount)
declare function saveAmount(eur: EUR): void
saveAmount(0.85) // static error: Argument of type '0.85' is not assignable to parameter of type 'EUR'
saveAmount(myamount) // okBy definition a "newtype" must have the exact same runtime representation as the value that it stores, e.g. a value of type EUR is just a number at runtime.
For the Iso type, see the monocle-ts documentation.
Refinements
An Integer is a refinement of number
import { Newtype, prism } from 'newtype-ts'
interface Integer extends Newtype<{ readonly Integer: unique symbol }, number> {}
const isInteger = (n: number) => Number.isInteger(n)
// prismInteger: Prism<number, Integer>
const prismInteger = prism<Integer>(isInteger)
// oi: Option<Integer>
const oi = prismInteger.getOption(2)
declare function f(i: Integer): void
f(2) // static error: Argument of type '2' is not assignable to parameter of type 'Integer'
oi.map(f) // okFor the Prism type, see the monocle-ts documentation.
Builtin refinements
CharIntegerNegativeNegativeIntegerNonNegativeNonNegativeIntegerNonPositiveNonPositiveIntegerNonEmptyStringNonZeroNonZeroIntegerPositivePositiveInteger
import { NonZero, prismNonZero } from 'newtype-ts/lib/NonZero'
// a total function
const safeDivide = (numerator: number, denominator: NonZero): number => {
return numerator / prismNonZero.reverseGet(denominator)
}
// result: Option<number>
const result = prismNonZero.getOption(2).map(denominator => safeDivide(2, denominator))TypeScript compatibility
The stable version is tested against TypeScript 3.5.1
newtype-ts version |
required typescript version |
required fp-ts version |
required monocle-ts version |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.3 | 3.5.1+ | 2.0.0-rc.6+ | 2.0.0-rc.1+ |
| <= 0.2.4 | 2.8+ | 1.0.0+ | 1.0.0+ |
Performance
const double = n => n * 2
const doubleEUR = eurIso.modify(double)Test double(2) vs doubleEUR(eurIso.wrap(2))
Results (node v8.9.3)
double x 538,301,203 ops/sec ±0.45% (87 runs sampled)
doubleEUR x 536,575,600 ops/sec ±0.27% (87 runs sampled)Recipes
How to lift a function
const double = (n: number): number => n * 2
// doubleEUR: (s: EUR) => EUR
const doubleEUR = eurIso.modify(double)