reduxjs
Reselect
A library for creating memoized "selector" functions. Commonly used with Redux, but usable with any plain JS immutable data as well.
- Selectors can compute derived data, allowing Redux to store the minimal possible state.
- Selectors are efficient. A selector is not recomputed unless one of its arguments changes.
- Selectors are composable. They can be used as input to other selectors.
The Redux docs usage page on Deriving Data with Selectors covers the purpose and motivation for selectors, why memoized selectors are useful, typical Reselect usage patterns, and using selectors with React-Redux.
Installation
Redux Toolkit
While Reselect is not exclusive to Redux, it is already included by default in the official Redux Toolkit package - no further installation needed.
import { createSelector } from '@reduxjs/toolkit'Standalone
For standalone usage, install the reselect package:
# NPM
npm install reselect
# Yarn
yarn add reselectDocumentation
The Reselect docs are available at https://reselect.js.org, and include usage guides and API references:
- Introduction
- How Does Reselect Work?
- API Reference:
- FAQ
Basic Usage
Reselect exports a createSelector API, which generates memoized selector functions. createSelector accepts one or more input selectors, which extract values from arguments, and a result function function that receives the extracted values and should return a derived value. If the generated output selector is called multiple times, the output will only be recalculated when the extracted values have changed.
You can play around with the following example in this CodeSandbox:
import { createSelector } from 'reselect'
interface RootState {
todos: { id: number; completed: boolean }[]
alerts: { id: number; read: boolean }[]
}
const state: RootState = {
todos: [
{ id: 0, completed: false },
{ id: 1, completed: true }
],
alerts: [
{ id: 0, read: false },
{ id: 1, read: true }
]
}
const selectCompletedTodos = (state: RootState) => {
console.log('selector ran')
return state.todos.filter(todo => todo.completed === true)
}
selectCompletedTodos(state) // selector ran
selectCompletedTodos(state) // selector ran
selectCompletedTodos(state) // selector ran
const memoizedSelectCompletedTodos = createSelector(
[(state: RootState) => state.todos],
todos => {
console.log('memoized selector ran')
return todos.filter(todo => todo.completed === true)
}
)
memoizedSelectCompletedTodos(state) // memoized selector ran
memoizedSelectCompletedTodos(state)
memoizedSelectCompletedTodos(state)
console.log(selectCompletedTodos(state) === selectCompletedTodos(state)) //=> false
console.log(
memoizedSelectCompletedTodos(state) === memoizedSelectCompletedTodos(state)
) //=> trueAs you can see from the example above, memoizedSelectCompletedTodos does not run the second or third time, but we still get the same return value as last time.
In addition to skipping unnecessary recalculations, memoizedSelectCompletedTodos returns the existing result reference if there is no recalculation. This is important for libraries like React-Redux or React that often rely on reference equality checks to optimize UI updates.
Terminology
- Selector Function: A function that accepts one or more JavaScript values as arguments, and derives a result. When used with Redux, the first argument is typically the entire Redux store state.
- input selectors: Basic selector functions used as building blocks for creating a memoized selector. They are passed as the first argument(s) to
createSelector, and are called with all selector arguments. They are responsible for extracting and providing necessary values to the result function. - Output Selector: The actual memoized selectors created by
createSelector. - Result Function: The function that comes after the input selectors. It takes the input selectors' return values as arguments and returns a result.
Dependencies: Same as input selectors. They are what the output selector "depends" on.
The below example serves as a visual aid:
const outputSelector = createSelector(
[inputSelector1, inputSelector2, inputSelector3], // synonymous with `dependencies`.
resultFunc // Result function
)What's New in 5.0.0?
Version 5.0.0 introduces several new features and improvements:
Customization Enhancements:
- Added the ability to pass an options object to
createSelectorCreator, allowing for customizedmemoizeandargsMemoizefunctions, alongside their respective options (memoizeOptionsandargsMemoizeOptions). - The
createSelectorfunction now supports direct customization ofmemoizeandargsMemoizewithin its options object.
- Added the ability to pass an options object to
Memoization Functions:
- Introduced new experimental memoization functions:
weakMapMemoizeandunstable_autotrackMemoize. - Incorporated
memoizeandargsMemoizeinto the output selector fields for debugging purposes.
- Introduced new experimental memoization functions:
TypeScript Support and Performance:
- Discontinued support for TypeScript versions below 4.7, aligning with modern TypeScript features.
- Significantly improved TypeScript performance for nesting output selectors. The nesting limit has increased from approximately 8 to around 30 output selectors, greatly reducing the occurrence of the infamous
Type instantiation is excessively deep and possibly infiniteerror.
Selector API Enhancements:
- Removed the second overload of
createStructuredSelectordue to its susceptibility to runtime errors.
- Removed the second overload of
Additional Functionalities:
- Added
dependencyRecomputationsandresetDependencyRecomputationsto the output selector fields. These additions provide greater control and insight over input selectors, complementing the newargsMemoizeAPI. - Introduced
inputStabilityCheck, a development tool that runs the input selectors twice using the same arguments and triggers a warning If they return differing results for the same call. - Introduced
identityFunctionCheck, a development tool that checks to see if the result function returns its own input.
- Added
These updates aim to enhance flexibility, performance, and developer experience. For detailed usage and examples, refer to the updated documentation sections for each feature.
Breaking Changes:
- Removed
ParametricSelectorandOutputParametricSelectortypes. Their functionalities are now integrated intoSelectorandOutputSelectorrespectively, which inherently support additional parameters.
- Removed
License
MIT
References
Originally inspired by getters in NuclearJS, subscriptions in re-frame and this proposal from speedskater.